WHERE ARE MOST OF THE PEOPLE EMPLOYED?

1. The primary sector continues to be the largest employs even in the year2000.
2. Even though industrial output or production of goods went up by 8 times during the period, employment in the industry went up by 2.5 times.
3. More than half of the workers in the country are working in the primary sector mainly in the agriculture.
4. The secondary and tertiary sectors produce three fourths of the produce when they employ less than half of the people.
5. There are more people in agriculture than is necessary. So even if a few people are moved out, production will not be affected as workers in the agricultural sectors are underemployed.
6. Kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does’nt have a job.
7. It means that even if we remove a lot of people from agricultural sector and provide them with proper work elsewhere, agriculture production will not suffer.
8. There are thousand of casual workers in the service sector in urban areas who search for daily employment. They are employed as painters, plumbers repair workers etc. Many of them do not find work everyday. There may be people who spend the whole day but earn very little.

HOW TO CREATE MORE EMPLOYMENT?

1. Govt. can spend some money to construct a well for poor farmers to irrigate their lands.
2. New dams and canals can be constructed to irrigate farms. This could lead to a lot of employment generation.
3. Govt. can provide facilities for transportation and storage of crops by constructing better roads and granaries. This activity can provide productive employment to farmers.
4. Local banks should give money as credit at reasonable rates of interest for seeds fertilizers, agricultural equipments and pumpsets to draw water.
5. Some industries could be set up in rural areas only to provide jobs to farmers.
6. Dal mills can be set up which can buy, process and sell dals in cities.
7. Opening of cold storage can give an opportunity for farmers to store their products like potatoes and onions and sell them when the price is good.
8. In villages near forest areas; honey collection centers can be put up, where farmers can come and sell wild honey.
9. Industries can be set up which process vegetables and agricultural products like potato, sweet potato rice, wheat, fruits etc. which can be sold in outside markets.
10. Schools should be set up for children of laborers for which we require more buildings, more teachers and school staff. 20 lakh jobs can be created in the education sector alone.
11. If we have to improve health of the people, we need many more doctors, nurses health workers etc. to work in rural areas.
12. Every state had a potential for increasing income and employment for people in that area. It could be tourism, regional craft industries or new services like IT.
13. If tourism as a sector is ignored, every year we can give additional employment to more than 35 lakh people.

ROLE OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT----

1. Central govt. in India recently made a law, implementing the right to work in 200 districts of India, it is called” NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GURANTEE ACT” 2005 (NREGA 2005).
2. Under NREGA, all those who are able to, and are in need of work, have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the govt.
3. If the Govt. fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give employment allowances to the people.

CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS ON THE BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT------

1. Organised Sector
2. Unorganised Sector.

ORGANISED SE CTOR

1. It covers those enterprises or places of work where terms of employment are regular and assured.
2. They are registered by the Govt. and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in factory Act, Payment of Gratuity Act Etc.
3. it is called organized because it has formal processes and procedures.
4. Some of them work on their own in these offices, they also have to register themselves with the Govt. and follow the rules and regulations.
5. Workers in the organized sector enjoy security of employment.
6. They are expected to work for a fixed no. of hours.
7. If they work more they are paid overtime.
8. They also get several other benefits like--- paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity etc.
9. They are supposed to get medical benefits, safe drinking water and safe working environment.
10. When they get retired they get pensions also.

UNORGANISED SECTOR----

1. They are small and scattered units, outside the control of Govt.
2. There are rules and regulations but they are not followed.
3. Jobs are low paid and often are not regular.
4. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leaves due to sickness etc.
5. Employment is not secured.
6. People can be asked to leave without any reason.
7. When there is any seasonal work, they become unemployed for a particular season.
8. This sector had a large no. of people, who are employed on their own such as selling on the streets or doing repair work, they also do not have stable salary.