ROMATICISM AND NATIONAL GLORY—
Romantic artists and ports generally critcised science and reasoning since they are focused on emotions.
They made an effort to inculcate the feeling of shared collective heritage of a nation.
It was done through folk songs, folkdances folk poetry that the spirit of nationalism was revived.
So collection of folk culture began which helped in the formation of ‘nation states’.
Emphasis was laid on vernacular language and the collection of folk lore for arising spirit of nationalism among illiterate people.
For example Poland was divided by Russia, Prussia and Austria.
Even though Poland did not exit on the map of Europe, but feeling of nationalism was kept alive.
Such as Karol Kurpinski, Kept this nationalist feeling alive by performing ‘Operas’ on the stage.
Language also played an important role in spreading nationalist message.
For example Russian language was imposed on polish who were living in Russian part.
In 1831 they raised an armed revolt against the Russians which was crushed.( Just like India’s revolt of 1857.)
As a protest the clergy began to use Polish language in the churches.
As a result large number of priests and Bishops were put in Jail or sent to colder Siberia.
Use of polish language was a symbol of struggle against Russian rule in Poland.

HUNGER HARDSHIP AND POPULAR REVOLTS----

1. 1830’s were years of great economic hardships in Europe.
2. Population was increasing due to Industrial Revolution.
3. In these European countries, there were more job seekers then employment.
Population in the rural areas was migrating to cities to live in the unhealthy slums.
Cheap machine made goods were imported, giving tough competition to small producers in towns.
Aristocracy still prevailed in many parts of Europe where feudalism was prevailing and peasants were suffering under heavy debts.
Rise of food prices and bad harvest led to poverty in towns and countryside.

YEAR OF 1848 IN FRANCE.

1. Year of 1848 had food shortages, unemployment, which brought the people of Paris on the roads to beg.
2. Louis Philippe was forced to flee under such circumstances.
3. During this period a national assembly was formed with adult sufferage to all adult males above 21.
4. This govt. tried to provide employment to the people.
( Example of weavers of Silesia can be given.)

ASSIGNMENT
Q1. Describe briefly the first upheaval which took place in France in July 1830.
Q2. Explain briefly the impact of July revolution in France.
Q3. Describe briefly the Greek war of Independence.
Q4. How did culture played an equally important role in creating the idea of Nation.
Q5. Explain any three points about the concept of Romanticism
Q6. Name the three forms of folk culture through which true German culture was to be discovered among the common people.
Q7. Explain the three reasons for the emphasis on vernacular language and collection of folklore.
Q8. Explain four points about the hardships faced by small producers and the peasants in the cities of Europe.
Q9.Explain in 4 points the impact of food shortage and widespread unemployment in the year 1848 in Paris.
Describe the main cause of the weavers uprising in Silesia.
How did the Wilhelm Wolff describe the event of weavers of Silesia.
How did the weavers react against these exploitations by the contractors in Silesia? Explain 4 points.